SEC Data Glossary

EDGAR

Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval

Definition

EDGAR (Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval) is the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's official electronic system for collecting, validating, indexing, and disseminating the disclosure documents that public companies, funds, and certain individuals are required to file. Every 10-K, 10-Q, 8-K, registration statement, proxy statement, and insider-trading form filed with the SEC is submitted through EDGAR and made available to the public, free of charge, at sec.gov.

EDGAR is the authoritative primary source for U.S. public-company financial disclosure. Because filers submit directly to the SEC and the documents are published without an intermediary, EDGAR data reflects exactly what a company reported, with no third-party normalization or reclassification.

Details

The SEC phased in mandatory electronic filing through EDGAR between 1993 and 1996, replacing the prior paper-based system. Today essentially all required filings are submitted electronically, and the full-text search and filing indexes go back decades.

Each filing in EDGAR is associated with a filer's Central Index Key (CIK) and is assigned a unique accession number that identifies that specific submission. A single submission typically bundles a primary document (for example, the 10-K itself) together with exhibits, and — since the XBRL mandate — machine-readable financial data tagged in XBRL or Inline XBRL.

GeminIQ sources its company financials directly from the XBRL data published in EDGAR rather than from a third-party aggregator. This means every metric can be traced back to the exact figure a company filed with the SEC, and verified against the original document in EDGAR.

FAQ

Q: Is EDGAR free to use?

A: Yes. EDGAR is a public system operated by the SEC, and all filings are available to anyone at no cost through sec.gov. There is no subscription or login required to read filings.

Q: What kinds of documents are filed on EDGAR?

A: EDGAR contains periodic reports (10-K annual reports, 10-Q quarterly reports), current reports (8-K), registration statements (such as the S-1 used for IPOs), proxy statements (DEF 14A), insider transaction forms (Forms 3, 4, and 5), and many other required disclosures.

Q: How far back does EDGAR data go?

A: Electronic filing was phased in between 1993 and 1996, so most public-company filings from the mid-1990s onward are available. GeminIQ provides 17+ years of historical financial data sourced from these filings.

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Further Reading: A Practical Guide to SEC Filings

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